Mao Zedong and the Peoples Republic of China essays

Mao Zedong and the Peoples Republic of China expositions Numerous today accept that China is headed to getting one of the universes top superpowers. Expanded strategic talks with the United States and its ongoing induction into the World Trade Organization just stress its developing political and monetary significance. As indicated by an article in TIME Magazine: the People's Republic is the buzz of all Asia as a competitor superpower of the following century. This from a nation that toward the start of the only remaining century did not have a successful focal government, was all the while holding quick to socio-political customs that were hundreds of years old. Today, China has accomplished the solidarity that has so since a long time ago been an issue in its history, and that evaded political pioneers from 1912 to 1949. Toward the start of the Twentieth Century, nobody could have envisioned such advancement, and it is conceivable that China would not have advanced at such a rate were it not for one man. Mao Zedong drove China through an effective upset, and established essential changes that permitted China to start its excursion to superpower status. Toward the start of the Twentieth Century, China was a place that is known for convention, for the most part immaculate by time. Around ninety-four percent of the Chinese populace lived in little rustic towns. With a populace of exactly 397 million, China had one-fourth of the Earths populace, yet just 6 percent the Earths arable land. There was likewise a genuine absence of present day innovation in China, and therefore the proportion of work to yield on the arable land was exceptionally poor. There was additionally a long convention of feudalism in China that made the normal workers life considerably harder. Poor people, who made up 60% of the populace, possessed just eighteen percent of the land, while the wealthy who made up just 10% of the populace claimed forty-nine percent of the land. The laborer populace either worked for well off landowners, or had their own tract of land and needed to pay charges to the regiona... <!

The Potao Famine Gone But Not Forgotten free essay sample

The Potao Famine: Gone But Not Forgotten Essay, Research Paper A hundred and fifty mature ages back in September, 1845, the Dublin nearby paper # 8220 ; Dublin Evening Post # 8221 ; , revealed a # 8220 ; ailment in the murphy collect # 8221 ; . This ended up being the murphy curse which decimated 40 % of the reap that twelvemonth and around 100 % the accompanying twelvemonth. The devatation was known as # 8220 ; The Great Hunger # 8221 ; and brought about expansive spread famishment and mass out-movement to Britain and the Americas. As an outcome, the populace declined from @ 8,295,000 to less so 6,000,000 out of a couple of mature ages. In 1845 a fungous illness called the late scourge, showed up in the Irish murphy gather with destroying results. The late curse shows itself in any part of the works. Staining of the foliages accompainied by wool form is at times the principal mark. The tubers may other than be tainted in the feild or away, with stain of the covering, with a rosy earthy colored dry festering augmenting to the tuber. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Potao Famine Gone But Not Forgotten or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Later a foul, disturbing smelling rottenness may destruct the tuber. It is currently realized that the curse is brought about by the parasite Phytophtora infestans an Oomycete which Bel ; ongs to the family Pythiaceae. This species is portrayed by coenocytic mycelium and theproduction of biflagellate, motile zoospores. The organism is heterothallic and can imitate explicitly within the sight of a contrary coupling type. Sexual generation follows preparation of an oogonium by an antheridium resulting in the creation of an oospore. Overwintering can be in the signifier of resting mtcelium or oospores. Subsequent to growing both will result in the creation of spore case which can shoot straight by offices of a germ tubing or by implication by offices of the motile zoospores. Germination is trailed by encystment and appresorium development. Phytohphtora infestans other than influenced potato reaps in the nor-east United States and Southern Canada each piece great as a lot of western Europe iin add-on to Ireland in 1845, yet the impacts were no place near each piece devestating as in Ireland in light of the fact that in those topographic focuses the eating regimen was substantially more differentiated and the individuals were non so subject to the murphy. In spite of the fact that it happened 150 mature ages prior, the Irish have non overlooked # 8221 ; The Great Hunger # 8221 ; . As a result of the impact of conditions on the developement and spread of the late curse, the Irish Meterological Services keeps on airing alerts of conditions prefering the spread of murphy scourge. Moreover, the Irish individuals have increased a notoriety for loaning powers and assets in aread of the universe by and by standing up to lack, great messed up with regards to the size and monetary arrangement of their little island.

How To Start Your Own Winery Business

How To Start Your Own Winery Business Owning your own vineyard is perhaps the most romantic dream and many of us have toyed with this idea. But anyone who works in the industry will tell you starting your own winery won’t be an easy thing to do and the romantic images are hardly a reality.But if something is difficult, it doesn’t mean it is impossible. Nothing should stop you from starting your own winery, you just need to make sure you focus on all the right things and plan your business venture well.This guide will help you consider whether owning a vineyard is the right thing for you and help you focus your research on the right tracks. You’ll also read about the main aspects of setting up a winery and the different routes you can take in order to get into the wine business. You’ll also learn about the importance of marketing and the channels for finding support. © Shutterstock.com | KingaIn this articles, you will learn about 1) doing a winery for the right reasons, 2) do your research, 3) three different routes to starting out, 4) understand and define your audience, and 5) look for support.DOING A WINERY BUSINESS FOR THE RIGHT REASONSBefore you start imagining yourself sitting on a beautiful porch, sipping your homemade wine, you need to understand the realities of wine business. Running your own vineyard is by no means an easy thing to do and if you aren’t in it for the right reasons, you are very likely to falter chasing an impossible dream.Although it is naturally possible to make money with a winery, you shouldn’t expect to become a rich person overnight. While you can start turning in money quicker by buying an established winery (as you shall see below), it will still take around three to five years for a particular grape type to develop into a quality wine. This means that you won’t become a rich vineyard owner overnight.Runn ing a vineyard is definitely a long-term investment and you could have to wait for a decade or two before you start to reap benefits. If this isn’t what you are looking for then you are better off searching for other types of investments.Not everyone gets into the business as a quest to make some money. If you are just looking to turn your passion for wine into a hobby, then you don’t need to bury your dreams. As you will see later on in the guide, there are different ways to get into the wine business and your goals as a winery owner might influence which of these routes you take. The key is to understand the realities of starting and running a winery and to make sure your own goals fit these realities.DO YOUR RESEARCHBefore you go and buy a vineyard, you need to conduct proper research to ensure you know what you are getting into. As mentioned above, starting out and keeping a vineyard alive won’t be easy and you want to be on top of what to expect before you make the commit ment.A proper research isn’t just to guarantee you know what you are getting into, it is also to ensure you make the right choices to help you succeed with your winery. You don’t want to start growing grapes, for example, that aren’t suited for your climate. The main areas of research as follows:1) Locate the ideal location for your wineryLocation is crucial for running a vineyard. While it might sound like a lovely idea to open a small vineyard at your parent’s old country estate, the soil might not be suited for growing grapes in the first place. Furthermore, different climates are good for different types of wine, so you need to understand this.As a rule of thumb, grapes tend to prefer regions with warm summers and short, mild winters â€" frost being a key threat to grapes. You want to treat your grapes with plenty of sun.Places such as Napa Valley, California in the US, Boudreaux in France, and Barossa in Australia are among the world’s most famous wine regions. In fac t, locating your winery near other vineyards can be a good idea, as you’ll have great support network and professional network surrounding you.If you aren’t very confident in understanding the soil requirements, it is always a good idea to consult a professional.2) Select the grape typeOnce you have some idea of your ideal location, you naturally need to start thinking about the grape type. As you might have gathered already, the soil can have an impact on the kind of grapes you are able to grow â€" by selecting your location you are likely to limit your grape options to a few. You can, of course, also pick the grape first and then find the suitable location.The world’s grape types used in wine are divided into three different species. The most popular one of them is Vitis vinifera, used in nearly 99% of all wines. You might know the grape type from the wines it is used in such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.You’ll also have Vitis labrusca, which is mainly grown in the northeastern US and Canada. The third major species is called Vitis rotundifolia grape. These grapes are very sweet and often used in dessert wines.The below YouTube video has more information on the grape varieties of the world: 3) Make detailed cost calculationsAs mentioned above, starting a winery is not easy nor is it cheap. Just like with any business venture, you must do research on costs to guarantee you don’t end up in financial difficulties.The key to understand is that starting your own winery will probably cost at least twice the amount you think. As you’ll seen below the starting investment might depend on the route you take, but be aware that you won’t have a lot of income coming in for the first few years. So, you need to have plenty of money to invest at the start and a way to live without the income from the winery.Naturally, the investment needed also depends on the scale. If you aren’t expecting to sell your wine bottles in their hundreds of ca ses, you won’t need as much. But if you want to create a real business with your winery, six or even seven figure investments aren’t uncommon.4) Overcome red tape issuesYou’ll encounter a lot of paperwork when setting up a winery. A lot doesn’t mean just a few forms here and there, running a winery will means long nights of filing forms and plenty of red tape you need to overcome.There are some national differences naturally, but you should expect to have to deal with a number of licenses and permission from ministries in charge of alcohol and beverage departments. You also need to sort out the health and safety regulations. This is all before you can start organizing or the usual business paperwork, such as taxation, sale tracking and computing.Make sure you understand the amount of paperwork required beforehand and look at some of the forms. If you aren’t comfortable with this aspect of the business, you can find help from consultancy and accountancy firms, for instance. 5) Options for diversificationFinally, it is a good idea to look into aspects of diversification before you get started. Making a lot of money from wine production might not be enough, so you need to plan for ways to diversify your income source.Perhaps you could include a small BB type of service to your vineyard or offer tours for tourists on your farm? There are different ways you can put your vineyard and knowledge for use and ensure you have other sources of revenue while you also focus on your wine.THREE DIFFERENT ROUTES TO STARTING OUTThere are three different routes to starting your own winery. Depending on your expertise, available investment and your goals for the winery, you should pick the most suitable of these routes.#1. Set up a vineyardThe first is naturally to start your own vineyard from scratch. This is often the most favored option and naturally gives you plenty of freedom in terms of finding the ideal location, selecting your favorite grape type and creating the kind of wine brand you want.From these different routes, starting from scratch is the hardest route in terms of the amount of work you need to do. While it gives you the above freedoms, it does require a lot more work and you need to wait for quite a long time before you start reaping the benefits.While the above section on research, gives you plenty of knowledge in terms of the things you need to sort out when starting a vineyard or a winery, here is a recap of the things it’ll take:The licensing requirements â€" You need to sort out the licensing requirements before you get started. The licensing requirements are different depending on national and state legislations, but in general, you must fulfill certain health and safety requirements, as well as get the approval to grow and sell alcoholic products. If you are planning to sell your wines at the vineyard, you often require further licensing for that.Facility approval â€" Once you have set up the facilities to produce wine, y ou need to get them checked. You need to have regular facility approvals conducted to ensure everything is up to standards.Location â€" You need to pick your vineyard location based on the soil conditions and the type of grapes you want to grow (See section on research).Trellising and irrigation systems â€" You need to ensure the soil and farmyard is suitable for wine cultivation. Grapes need plenty of sunlight and water, with a proper irrigation system to ensure your grapes don’t get soaked.Raw materials â€" As well as picking the grape type, you’ll also need to sort out other raw materials. If you are looking to be in charge of the complete winemaking process, you’ll need to get tannins, minerals and sugars.Equipment â€" In addition to raw materials, you also need to get all the equipment sorted out. You’ll naturally need plenty of cultivation and farming equipment to keep your grapes in good condition. But you’ll also need the fermentation tanks, filtration equipment, b ottling line system and equipment to label your wine bottles.Distribution â€" You’ll need to manage the distribution of your wine as well. This means ensuring your wine bottles get in one piece to the shops. Depending on your ambitions, you might need to sort out distribution routes from region-wide to nation-wide or even international routes.#2. Buy an established wineryYou could also skip many of the above steps and opt to buy an established vineyard or winery. This still involves plenty of work and you will have some ability to change the branding of the wine, for example, but in general, it is a bit easier. You most likely won’t need to worry about distribution routes, setting up the equipment and raw materials and you might even have an established brand you can use.On the downside, starting with an established winery will require a lot more money in many instances. Professionals in the field say you need to pay at least 30% more often when you are buying a winery, so think whether you can afford it.On the other hand, you’ll be able to enjoy the fruits of your labor much quicker. You won’t need to spend time sorting out the regulatory issues and the grapes are already growing. The start-up time is typically up to five years shorter. So, if you are looking to get started with a winery quickly, this is much better option to the above route.Since so many things are already sorted out, the learning curve is shorter and easier. You just need to get to grips with what is already in place â€" no need to learn how to get it all started.If you find a vineyard in sale, don’t immediately go to the bank and organize a loan. You need to do some research into what makes the current owners sell the winery? You don’t want to spend a lot of money in buying a vineyard that isn’t working, especially if the reasons behind the downfall are something difficult to correct or overcome.#3. Focusing on the retail partLastly, if you are purely looking into getting to the wine business, you should consider focusing on the retail part instead. The wine industry has plenty of different opportunities available, not all of them mean you need to become a wine-farmer.You could start working with a passionate farmer and just be in charge of the branding and retail aspect of creating the winery. You could even consider buying grapes from established farmers and make your own blends. You’d need to get a location for creating the bottling unit and spend money to get the equipment needed, but it might be a good idea if you don’t have a passion for farming.UNDERSTAND AND DEFINE YOUR AUDIENCENo matter which route you take, starting out your own winery is not just about the grapes and bottling. You will need to focus on branding as well if you want to succeed with your project.Here are some basic tips for getting your marketing up to speed:1) Defining a target audienceLike with any product, it is crucial you do some basic market research and set up a targe t market for your wine. Ask yourself what type of wine you are making? Is it a dessert wine, a high quality wine for passionate wine enthusiasts, or a cost-friendly wine for average consumer?Wine brands even go as far to have the average buyer in mind. Perhaps your wine has the flavor to appeal to foodies or maybe it is for young professionals having a good time. The key is to clearly create the perfect wine for your audience.2) Learn about marketing your productMarketing has changed a lot with the technological revolution and you need to do some research in how your wine is best marketed. It is a good idea to look what other producers around you are doing â€" not to copy, but to get ideas!Learn about the traditional methods, like direct marketing and newspaper marketing, but also focus on the new marketing methods of social media. As you have a target market in mind, you can aim your marketing efforts to appeal to this audience.3) Generate interestPeople won’t just start picking up your wine bottles in-store â€" you need to generate a buzz around the product to ensure the target market finds them. There are plenty of ways to do this. You could be organizing competitions, special events and giveaways to ensure people are interested in testing out your product. Make sure you are also present in different farmer’s market events, local celebrations and different wine events across the country.In addition, you shouldn’t wait for having your wine ready for sale. It is crucial to start marketing your wine even before it hits the market. This could be through social media campaigns or even some sort of kick-starter projects.LOOK FOR SUPPORTDon’t let the above information put you off either, as there are plenty of ways to find support. Don’t think about doing it all on your own, use the expertise of people who have already done it.It is especially important to join your country’s wine producer associations, as well as look for help for new start-ups. You c an also often find regional associations and these can be a great source for help and support during the setting up process.Furthermore, if you’d love to run a vineyard but you are a little unsure about the farming aspect of starting a winery, you can get help from estate managers. You could still live and breathe wine production, but you’ll have someone else looking after the more hands-on aspects of farming. On the other hand, if you just want to run your winery as a hobby, it still doesn’t mean you shouldn’t enjoy some financial fruits of your labor. But instead of running a business yourself, get someone else to deal with the business side of winemaking, while you just enjoy owning a vineyard!

Around The Business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 591 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category Economics Essay Level High school Tags: Macroeconomics Essay Did you like this example? As recently referenced, organizations that have been around the business for whatever length of time that Nike has, are frequently viewed as in their develop stages and not in the development arrange. As Nike has pronounced development as their key technique (Nike, 2017) throughout the previous couple of years, this is an astonishment and straightforwardly opposing to what hypothesis proposes. Development organize organizations are regularly known as new businesses and organizations that are entering new positions in the market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Around The Business" essay for you Create order Regularly, when an organization achieves the develop phase of their business cycle they cant discover was to develop from inside and they start to develop through procurement. Nikes inconceivable history has empowered them to cross the two ways, they have become naturally through a wide range of item dispatches and focusing on what they make best, while offering innovativeness to their fashioners and confiding in them to concoct the following huge item. This has pushed the organization forward. Presently they have additionally made vital acquisitions to achieve a much increasingly different customer base. The rugby item offering will take advantage of a market that is developing and will enable Nike to additionally develop with the game. A standout amongst other things about development is that it makes chances to grow not just in the item zone or in entering another market yet in addition in the current work compel. This item dispatch will require the individuals who are enthusiastic about rugby to approach and make new employments that can join two of their current goals. The present joblessness rate in the US for the period of August is 4.1% (Agency of Work Measurements, 2017). The US joblessness rate has been diminishing continuously since the start of 2017. The economy has recuperated from the monetary emergency when joblessness came to underneath roughly 10% the country over (Agency of Work Measurements, 2017). This item dispatch wont build the operational effectiveness of the organization as to take out positions, however it will include numerous new occupations because of the item family. Consequently this will build the general CPI and Gross domestic product and thusly give shoppers increasingly optional pay to buy things they want, for example, Nike items. Notwithstanding animating customer spending, this will address a portion of the other monetary issues that retail locations are at present looking all through America. The atmosphere for retail has turned out to be progressively focused from internet business. Nikes leverage originates from incorporating into the network and getting individuals on the ground collaborating with others inside the network. In the event that swelling is specifically attached to key expenses and not simply over esteemed stocks, at that point it would adversity affect the item dispatch of the new Nike rugby fragment. As referenced in the past areas, Nike has possessed the capacity to climate each major financial downturn amid the most recent two decades. They began developing when the worldwide economy was smashing, they stayed stable amid high unstable and swelled valuation eras. This dispatch isnt delicate to numerous financial variables that would turn out to be adverse for other people. Actually, Nike is all around expanded in their item contributions, geological areas, and financials that they can climate different kinds of downturns and tempests. The Nike rugby item dispatch would just be adversely affected if creation volumes were poor or the nature of good endured. Moreover, item supports would endure if the competitors were neglecting to be the substance of the brand that is expected of them. The y have to speak to Nike and stay with the above water amid this time.

Sociological Theory Positivistic, Interpretative, And...

Sociological Theory: Positivistic, Interpretative, and Critical Comment on the three types of sociological theories, explain and argue, based on your library or Internet research, which type of theory is the most appropriate theory for sociology to adopt. The three general types of sociological theory are positivistic, interpretive and critical theory.In determining which theory is the most appropriate for sociology to adopt,a basic understanding of each theorys strengths and weaknesses is necessary.In defining each of these theories, it is important to determine the ontological basis orthe theorys basis for determining what is knowable; the epistemological basis or the theorys relationship between the knower and the knowable; and,†¦show more content†¦2.Epistemology. The epistemology of interpretivism is the subjective.The inquirer in interpretisim becomes part of an interaction or communication with the subject of the inquiry.The findings are the result of the interaction between the inquirer and the subject. Reality becomes a social construction. 3.Methodology. The methodology ofinterpretivism can best be described as hermenutic or dialectic.Hermenutics is the study of how to make interpretive inquiry.Dialectic is reflective of the dialogue imagined in the subjective approach and the need to test interpretive theory against human experience. Max Weber described the methodology as quot;a science which aims at the interpretative understanding of social conduct and thus at the explanation of its causes, its course, and its effects.quot; Through hermenutics, the raw data consists of description.The description is made through the naturally symbolic use of language.The meaning of the language is derived in part by the society from which it arises.Interpretive theory is tested by referring back to human practice within the society.If the interaction produces the anticipated result then the theory is corroborated and vice versa. C.CRITICAL THEORY 1.Ontology. Criticalrealism is theShow MoreRelatedSociological Theory: Positivistic, Interpretative, and Critical1980 Words   |  8 PagesSociological Theory: Positivistic, Interpretative, and Critical Comment on the three types of sociological theories, explain and argue, based on your library or Internet research, which type of theory is the most appropriate theory for sociology to adopt. The three general types of sociological theory are positivistic, interpretive and critical theory.In determining which theory is the most appropriate for sociology to adopt,a basic understanding of each theorys strengths and weaknesses is necessaryRead MoreThe Role of Social Media in Customer Communication28631 Words   |  115 Pageschallenge for organizations. Therefore the role of social media in customer communication is an interesting and useful research topic to study. 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The environment was also seen as significant in humoral theories, where the body was thought to need a healthy balance of four humours: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile with four elements: earth, air, fire and water and four qualities: hot, cold, wet and dry (Nutton 1992). Being cold or wet was oftenRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagessocieties (such as revolution) can help explain different stages in the development of organizational strategies (for example, turnaround as a form of cultural revolution). Physicists descriptions of quantum mechanics and mathematicians theories of chaos may provide insights into how organizations change. And so on. Add to this all the other literatures that are more commonly recognized as relevant to the study of organizations—psychology on human cognition as well as leadership charisma

Environmental Protection Program Free Essays

string(104) " is of great importance in itself, and of fundamental importance to achieving sustainable productivity\." The collective action of humans – developing and paving over the landscape, clear-cutting forests, polluting rivers and streams, altering the atmosphere’s protective ozone layer, and populating nearly every place imaginable – are bringing an end to the lives of creatures across the Earth. Extinction of biological species is not necessarily a phenomenon initiated by human activity, some argue. Although the specific role of extinction in the process of evolution is still being researched and debated, it is generally accepted that the demise of any biological species is inevitable. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Protection Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now Opponents of special efforts to protect endangered species invariably point this out. They also suggest that the role of homo sapiens in causing extinction should not be distinguished from that of any other species. This position, most often espoused by individuals whose other views are curiously much more anthropocentric, is contrary to some well established facts. Unlike other creatures that have inhabited the Earth, human beings are the first to possess the technological ability to cause wholesale extermination of species, genera or even entire families of living creatures. This process is accelerating. Wildlife management efforts initiated during this century have been unsuccessful in stemming the tide. Most public attention given to endangered species has focused on mammals, birds, and a few varieties of trees. Ecologists recognize a far greater threat to the much larger number of species of reptiles, fish, invertebrates, and plants that are being wiped out by human activity. In the past few decades, vast areas in several regions of the world have been cleared to make room for urban development or for food production. Modern agriculture techniques and industries’ need for raw material have contributed to the epidemic of extinction. During the last few centuries, growth in the human population and intensification of our use of resources has greatly increased the rate of species extinction. Today, this rate is at least 1,000 times higher than it was when the genus Homo made its appearance about 2 million years ago. According to the best estimates, an average of 200 species vanishes from the Earth every day. By the year 2025, an estimated 20 percent of Earth’s species may have been pushed to extinction – a loss of species unmatched since the end of the Mesozoic 65 million years ago. For human beings, the consequences of this extensive wave of extinction’s will be severe, whether they are viewed from a moral, aesthetic, scientific, or economic perspective. Scientists fear that the vitality of our ecology may be seriously threatened by the reduction of biological diversity resulting from the lost genetic resource contained in the extinct species. They note that the ability of species to evolve and adapt to environmental change depends on the existence of a vast pool of genetic material. This problem joins the issue of endangered species with that of wilderness preservation. Unfortunately, the need to set aside vast undeveloped areas to prevent wholesale extinction is more acute in the poorer, more crowded regions of the world where people are pressured by both their own basic needs and the demand of the industrialized world for their resources. The concept of biodiversity helps capture the magnitude of the problem. Biodiversity is the variety of, and interaction among, living organisms and the ecological complexes that they occur in, from the smallest habitat to the Earth as a whole. The concept also includes the genetic variability within these species, the raw material of both evolutionary adaptation and selective breeding by humans. In terms of biodiversity, extinction is more than the loss of individual species, it is the degradation of the ecological complexes that support all life on this planet. The set of plant, animal, fungus and microorganism species that occur together at a particular place make possible the functioning of an ecosystem at that place. Undisturbed ecosystems, with their natural level of biodiversity – regulate the flow of energy and the cycling of nutrients, which all life depends on. The ongoing elimination of a sizable portion of the Earth’s biota is probably the clearest sign that the manner in which we use the natural environment is not sustainable. The intensity of our exploitation of natural resources is simply too great. In the past 40 years, human beings have wasted over a fifth of the Earth’s topsoil, destroyed more than half of its forests, polluted most fresh and onshore marine waters, and profoundly changed the characteristics of the atmosphere. It is easy to put much of the blame on population growth. The human population has more than doubled over the past 40 years to reach the present level of more than 5. 5 billion. Each new person puts an added burden on the natural environment. Yet if we are to understand the roots of the problem and work towards real solutions, we need to look at other factors besides population growth. As living organisms, we must utilize the natural environment to satisfy our basic needs. The manner in which we do this, however, is as variable as human culture. The problem is that present social, economic, and political structures encourage us to maximize our use of natural resources rather than use them wisely. In today’s world, economic resources are highly concentrated in industrialized countries, where most of the world’s goods are consumed by a minority of the global population. Seventy-seven percent of the people in the world – most of whom live in less-developed nations – have only about 15 percent of the world’s wealth, consume only 10 to 15 percent of the world’s natural resources, and generate about 10 to 15 percent of the world’s pollution. This global inequality is one of the major factors contributing to overuse of resources and destruction of natural habitats. At present, our ignorance of biodiversity is telling: scientists believe that the total number of species on Earth may be about 10 million, although only 1. million have been named and classified. Such knowledge is of great importance in itself, and of fundamental importance to achieving sustainable productivity. You read "Environmental Protection Program" in category "Essay examples" But it is only one of many prerequisites; another is a stable human population. Unfortunately – and only if we sustain our attention to family planning around the world – two to three times the current number of people may be alive when the human population levels out. At that point, the intelligent use of organisms and other natural resources will be absolutely essential for future stability. A stable human population, however, will not in itself allow us to attain a stable world. We must also address much more effectively the problems of poverty and lack of social justice throughout the world. This must include pursuing sustainable agricultural development in a way that guarantees more people access to the land they must have to meet their own needs. The role of women must also be enhanced throughout the world, in relation to health and family planning, literacy and school involvement, and participation in the work force. Another problem to confront is overconsumption of the world’s resources by people in industrialized countries. Plans to preserve biodiversity and utilize it sustainably will fail as long as the global community continues to promote growth and consumption rather than reduce them. In addition, it is important to augment the number of educators, scientists, and engineers who live in developing countries, only about one in twenty of the world’s scientists and engineers live there. Without technical knowledge and expertise, the chances for most less-developed nations to achieve sustainable productivity are poor. All nations must be given the opportunity to explore multiple paths, consistent with their own social values, for making biodiverisity an indispensable ingredient of socioeconomic, cultural, and scientific development. Without the achievement of a stable global population and the implementation of social justice, it simply will not be possible to learn about, manage, preserve, and benefit from what is left of the world’s biodiversity. Understanding the connections between biodiversity, human institutions, and our long-term survival is the first step in learning to manage the biological resources of the planet Earth, our common home, for our mutual benefit. The sixth extinction is not inevitable. If humans are the cause, they can also be the solution. Conservation law in this country has taken a new turn, and in many ways California is leading the charge. The next decade will be an exciting and critical time for this state and the nation. The future of our natural resources and of our quality of life may well depend upon the choices and commitments we make over the next few years. If you travel the length or breadth of the state of California, you experience its diversity as a progression of distinct environments, each with characteristic plant species and climatic conditions. To highlight such contrasts, scientists have divided the state into large bioregions, each of which encompasses environments with broadly similar characteristics. A bioregion is itself a mosaic of unique aquatic and terrestrial environments-marshes, grasslands, woodlands, forests. California is composed of 11 major biogeographic areas, or bioregions. The great diversity of habitats within the state has allowed California to serve as a final refuge for species once dispersed throughout the West. The isolation provided by restricted habitats has allowed them to act not only as refuges, but also as centers of evolution for new species. Hence, California has a remarkably high degree of endemism – of species found nowhere else – in much the same way that an island often has endemic species. The two most important arbiters of California’s natural landscapes are its Mediterranean climate and its varied topography. These factors are interconnected: landforms modify the climate, producing local variations in temperature and precipitation, and climate determines the nature and rate of erosion and soil deposition. Over eons, these and other factors have interacted to produce an amazing diversity of both landscapes and species. More than a third of the plants native to California are endemic, either evolving here in response to the continual opening up of new ecological niches, or finding refuge here after geologic change had altered their homelands. In California, population growth is obviously a direct cause of spreading urbanization. New housing developments and freeways overwhelm woods, meadows, and chaparral, destroying unique habitats full of evolutionary novelties, placing many native plant and wildlife species in imminent danger of extinction. It is tempting to blame our problems on overpopulation. The California that once supported 300,000 native Americans is now teeming with about 31. 5 million inhaitants-and their automobiles. It may be that the state’s environment cannot support this many people, but we also should remember that incredible environmental damage had already been done when the state’s human population numbered 1 million or fewer. It may be more appropriate to look at the nature of our economic system, a system oriented toward and dependent upon continuous growth, and one that operates on the fixed assumptions that there are potentially unlimited resources at one end of our economic pipeline and, at the other, a bottomless sink for disposal of wastes. Of course, there is neither. The first inhabitants of California lived for centuries within the limits of their environment, and the Spanish and Mexican economy was oriented more toward stability than growth. Unfortunately, the â€Å"get-rich-quick† mentality of the Gold Rush pioneers who followed them continues to play a role in California even now. The view of the natural world as a place to live, and therefore to care for, has not held its own against the view of nature as something to exploit. We have reached our present dilemma: Now we must balance the need to protect and maintain what is left of California’s once renowned biodiversity against the need to care for the well-being of its human population. Yet protecting nature is no longer merely an option; the survival of humanity depends on the survival of our cohabitants on Earth. How to cite Environmental Protection Program, Essay examples

The concept of public policy

Introduction The concept of public policy is very critical and sensitive since it affects a majority of people who are ruled under the policies made. It entails the process taken by the government in addressing an issue that affects the public and the intentions of the government in taking the actions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of public policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can also be said to be the result of the government’s actions towards deciding on who gets what and who does not after some considerations. It comprises major components like regulations, laws, actions and decisions aimed at controlling a certain behavior or solving a problem that is either caused by or affects the public. Public opinion on the other hand is a set of people’s views and attitudes towards a specific topic or issue that affect them. It usually affects the process of public policy making as it takes into consideration the public interests. This piece of work gives a critique of the article; Information Effects in Collective Preferences by Althaus looking into how the author tackles the topic and his efforts in making us understand the relationship between public opinion and public policy. The author starts of by showing us how information is essential in decision making especially in shaping public opinion which to a great extent affects the process of public policy since the public are a major element in the public policy making process thorough their various opinions. It is evident that uneven distribution of political information among the society members leads to different public opinions by the members as they have different levels of knowledge concerning the specific topic or problem and therefore the public policies that are made based on the collected opinions from the public are usually not complete as they do not comprehensively represent the public. This shows that the process of public policy making could only be effective if knowledge about particular issues of concern were evenly distributed among the citizens as this would make them make appropriate and informed decisions based on facts and the government would hence take effective actions and solve the public’s problems.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Public opinion is therefore influenced by information effect which is the information’s impact in shaping collective opinion as a result of low levels and uneven social distribution of knowledge regarding politics in the society. Political knowledge enhance proper decision making in regard to political issues as the informed citizens are able to understand the major components involved in public policy making for instance the policy itself, the participants or actors and the problems at stake. Although we can argue that b eing politically informed enhance the individual’s and collective opinion, some studies for instance in cognitive psychology also show that even the people who are poorly informed an political matters can make opinions that are in line with their political inclinations by relying on some political figures and other sources for instance online processing and other information shortcuts without necessarily having the specific factual knowledge. Aggregation of the opinions made by both the well informed and ill informed citizens will also allow coming up with an appropriate conclusion. This disputes the fact that the correct and meaningful collective opinion could only be attained if all the citizens were well informed. All in all information among the citizens influences their opinions by affecting the interaction between those collecting the data and those giving the responses for instance the poorly informed citizens who are usually the Blacks, the poor and women tend to give vague response as compared to the knowledgeable audience leading to poor presentation of the public’s preferences as opposed to those from the knowledgeable citizens who are mostly, the Whites, the rich and men whose views tend to be greatly considered. The opinions of the well informed people also tend to be of high quality in terms of being consistent with the political predisposition regarding the particular problem in question. Public opinion and public policy are directly dependent on each other since public policy formulation and implementation is based on the public’s opinion about the particular topic or problem and it is usually made in response to a specific problem or issue facing the public with an aim of solving it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of public policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The citizens’ provision of information on the topic is usually useful in the policy formulation and implementation process as it brings forward their beliefs, attitudes which in the long run influence the cause and effects processes and what the government is likely to undertake and the expected outcomes of the actions taken. It is however difficult to determine how information or knowledge in the political field would affect an individual’s or group’s preference in regard to what is best for them. The political interests of the informed people may either be subjective or objective and in some instances they may not reflect what the public may prefer in relation to a particular issue. The knowledgeable citizens tend to be in a good position to argue or respond to different situations based on the knowledge they have previously acquired. They also have a certain degree of confidence due to their prior experience and can hence easily understand complex political issues and happenings that surround them as compared to the ill informed citiz ens. The measure of how information affects preferences and opinions among citizens can be attained through taking of constant variables in the society in both the enlightened and the ill informed citizens in the community for instance education, age, race, religious affiliation, marital status, gender, region, financial status, type of community, region, parental status, partisanship, and occupation among others and presenting the same questions to them and then evaluating the responses. The author however recognizes that a political party affiliation is an essential element since it is also a relatively constant characteristic of the citizens and a major determinant of the citizen’s responses to political issues as it acts as a basis for the citizen’s responses and a shortcut as opposed to factual knowledge they would have concerning the topic of discussion. Although the author tries to tackle this issues comprehensively through application of various theories, model s and methods and also by taking into consideration what has been said by other authors in regard to the same topic , it is still difficult to completely determine the exact influence of information on political interests and preferences among the enlightened and the ill informed citizens as the results from the conducted surveys are often almost the same since there are other determinants apart from information or knowledge exhibited by the respondents.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To understand the concept of the influence public opinion on public policy formulation and implementation, the author gives us an example on how information can affect people’s attitudes toward spousal notification law. The example tries to show how information can shape an individual’s or group’s collective preference. The question posed to the respondents is; ‘‘would you favor or oppose a law in your state that would require a married woman to notify her husband before she can have an abortion? ’’1 The responses were obtained and the logit coefficients evaluated and it is noted that the differences in the responses attained is relatively very low. The models used can however not perfectly represent individual opinions but can generally show the differences between those groups that are for the law and those that are against its enactment. The model also shows the effects of information or knowledge on an issue on policy preferences am ong various groups. From the above named question, two thirds of the respondents seemed to support the spousal notification law while a third was against it. The well informed citizens seem to be divided on the issue as 48% of them supported it and 52% opposed it and hence the problem lies in the unequal distribution of political knowledge among citizens. Men were more informed as compared to women because even after full provision of political knowledge, their responses did change much as compared to that of women. This shows that the difference in information available to both men and women affects the results obtained in opinion surveys and hence leads to inefficient public policy making by the governments as they base they actions on the opinion polls gathered. Different topics attract different public opinions according to how best the citizens are informed or interested in them for example issues of social, fiscal, and security wellbeing among others. A change in information o r knowledge on an issue also leads to changes in collective preferences as the people are subject to change their opinions with change in information. The deviation however varies depending on other elements for instance the Whites, the rich and men are less likely to change their opinions much as compared to the Blacks, the poor and women who are more susceptible to change of opinion due to prior lack of knowledge. This can be seen when taking varying responses of the citizens on different issues for instance foreign policy issues, fiscal issues, operative issues and social policy issues. Generally, fully informed citizens tend to give divided opinions on policies like foreign policy, they are more concerned on social and fiscal concepts and policies and more conservative on operative issues that take place around them. Correcting for information unevenness can however lead to notable shifts in individual and collective opinions. The authors argues that the only way out in understa nding collective preferences could be the balancing of political knowledge among the society members which will counter the low levels and uneven social distribution of information on politics and political issues. He also states that information level in an individual or group affects collective opinion greater that previous studies have shown. It is also clear that different levels of information brings about change in responses and therefore collective preferences of various people could change either with a less or great magnitude if everyone was equally informed in various aspects of concern in the political field. The author argues the topic in a very comprehensive manner by looking into various studies that have been done regarding the effects of information or knowledge among the citizens and its role in shaping their opinions which in the long run affects the public policy making process and the actions taken by the government in regard to the problems faced by the citizens . He then gives lots of models and informative examples from which the reader can draw his or her own conclusions and there after gives his point of view with specific reasons for making the decisions. From the information given by the author in his article, Information Effects in Collective Preferences, it is evident that the public is a very essential component or determinant in the process of public policy formulation and implementation. This is because the public opinions are used by the government and other bodies involved in the policy making process for instance legislative bodies, leadership, bureaucracy, interest groups, political parties and the justice system in decision making. Public policies are made out of the public’s interest which is expressed through public opinion. However, public opinion can sometimes be decisive and not representative of the reality for instance when the respondents that are contacted during the survey are not representative of the total community in terms of size and aggregate composition or characteristics. Knowledge of the people on the particular issue also affects the opinions given as people tend to give vague information when they are not conversant with the political issue while those who are well enlightened tend to give meaningful responses that are in line with the government’s expectations. In most cases the responses from the well informed citizens are usually used as the basis in making public policies hence their needs end up being catered for at the expense of those that are not well informed. This shows that the policies formulated and implemented by the government are usually not representative of all citizen’s views as they are not based on everybody’s opinion as it should be the case. Public opinion usually has limited influence on public policy since in most cases there are usually no clear public preferences for one policy over others as the citizens are not given the opti ons of choosing among policies that are available. The policy makers also do not necessarily follow the public preferences due to lack of adequate relevant information. This is because most people have no distinct preferences on most issues especially political related and in the few cases where preferences have been established, public opinion is usually much divided to a point where the bodies involved in public policy making cannot base their actions on it. For instance in the example on passage of the notification law of the spouse on abortion given earlier, the public seemed much divided and the government may be left with the final decision hence public opinion is overruled. In some instances the government may make advantage of a situation and go per its preference as opposed to the public preference as it has powers over the general public. The government may come up with an idea regarding a policy and persuade the public to support it for example through campaigns. This is a way of molding the public opinion where different bodies and institutions involved in public policy making process affect the public’s decisions on various aspects. Incases where the public opinion is well known and the preferences seem to be well defined, the policy makers may also not go in accordance to them for various reasons for example if the preferences are deemed to be based on ignorance on the issue, when it is not for the well being of the majority in the society or when the policy to be passed is susceptible to change completely in the event of enactment of an alternative policy in future. Although public policy is sometimes in line with public opinion, this is not an adequate justification that public opinion determines the actions taken in the public policy making policy. The public policy makers mostly make a generalization since they can gauge what the public would prefer and at the end of it all, they end up coming up with policies that are in favor with th e public preferences even without their consultation. It is however clear that public opinion and public policy are strongly related. Although public opinion is expected to be the basis of public policy in determining its formulation and implementation, it does not work out this way. In few instances, the public opinion matches with the policy makers preferences and hence it is adopted but in most case, it opposes the policy makers’ preferences and it is therefore ignored. This shows that despite the public being given a chance to voice their views and ideas the final decision lies in the public policy makers especially the government since the public has no power to force the government to act in a certain way. Bibliography Althaus, L. Scott. â€Å"Information Effects in Collective Preferences.† American Political Science Review. Vol. 92, No.3. 1998. Footnotes 1 Scott, L. Althaus. â€Å"Information Effects in Collective Preferences.† American Political Science Review. Vol. 92, No.3. 1998. This essay on The concept of public policy was written and submitted by user Sebastian Berg to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Apoclypse Now essays

Apoclypse Now essays This film, from 1979 was directed by Francis Ford Coppula and starred Martin Sheen (Capt. Willard) and Marlon Brando (Col. Kurtz). The film takes place during the 1970's in the middle of the Vietnam War. Coppula was rewarded for his hard work by winning the Academy Award for cinematography. The story is based on the novel "Hearts of Darkness", by Joseph Conrad. The book and film depicts Capt. Willard in the middle of the Vietnam searching for Col. Kurtz, who has gone mad and started his own private war. Apocalypse Now uses its scenes to show three types of horror including psychological, gore, and surprise. Psychological horror plays with human rationalization. Gore shows a stunning or violent action. Surprise horror is instilling fear by catching the viewer off guard. Each type of horror appeals to different parts of human fear and requires different methods to pull it off properly. Psychological horror is the fear of a believable, reasonable force. It outs a mirror in front of the viewer and asks him what he would in the situation. Many scenes in the film utilize this form of horror, but none more clearly than the river boat scene where Willard and his crew emerges from a heavy mist to see a large group of villagers facing them in their own boats. An uncertain grayness covers the screen and suddenly shifts to a vivid image of a group on the river that is staring forward, penetratingly grabs the attention of the viewer. The tension between the two groups is made apparent as the two opposing forces stare at each other. If one side makes any move the other is sure to as well and would mean deaths for both. The viewer is now put into the situation where they must ask themselves if they could handle the tension and not make any move. He also uses close-ups to show the viewer that these villagers are real people that have been made to look like and think like savag es. Coppula uses psychological horror to illustrate the b ...

How to Use the IRS Taxpayer Advocate Service to Get Tax Help

How to Use the IRS Taxpayer Advocate Service to Get Tax Help You may be able to get tax help from the​ Taxpayer Advocate Service, an independent organization within the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). It is charged with assisting taxpayers who are experiencing economic difficulty and need help resolving tax problems that have not been resolved through normal channels, or who believe that an IRS system or procedure is not working as it should. You may be eligible for assistance if: You are experiencing economic harm, financial difficulty, or significant cost (including fees for professional representation) for yourself, your family, or your business.You or your business is facing the threat of an immediate adverse action.You have experienced a delay of more than 30 days to resolve a tax issue or havent been able to get a response from the IRS after repeated attempts at contacting them.You have not received a response or resolution to your problem by the date promised by the IRS. The service is free, confidential, tailored to meet taxpayers needs, and available for businesses as well as individuals. There is at least one local taxpayer advocate in each state, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Taxpayers can contact the Taxpayer Advocate Service by calling its toll-free line at 1-877-777-4778 or TTY/TTD 1-800-829-4059 to determine whether they are eligible for assistance. Taxpayers can also call or write to their local taxpayer advocate, whose phone number and address are listed in the local telephone directory and in Publication 1546 (.pdf), The Taxpayer Advocate Service of the IRS - How to Get Help With Unresolved Tax Problems. What to Expect from a Taxpayer Advocate If you qualify for the help of a taxpayer advocate, you will be assigned to one person. Youll get your advocates contact information including name, phone number, and employee number. The service is confidential, required by law to provide secure and independent communications separate from other IRS offices. However, with your permission, they will disclose information to other IRS employees to help resolve your problems. Your advocate will do an impartial review of your problem, giving your updates on their progress and timeframes for action. You can also expect to get advice on how you can prevent problems with your federal tax returns in the future. Some taxpayer advocate offices provide video conferencing and virtual help, depending on the state. Information You Will Need to Provide to the Taxpayer Advocate Be ready to provide your full identification and contact information, including social security number or employee identification number, name, address, phone number. Organize your information on the problem you are having with your taxes, so your advocate will be able to understand it. This should include what steps you have taken to contact the IRS, which offices you contacted, and how you have already tried to resolve your problem. You can also fill out IRS Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative, or Form 8821, Tax Information Authorization and send those to your advocate. These authorize another person to discuss your tax issue or to receive information about your tax issue.

The role of Innovation and Convergence in Complicating ICT Regulation Essay

The role of Innovation and Convergence in Complicating ICT Regulation - Essay Example The paper tells that the concept of regulation entails a number of aspects including; a specific set of commands; a deliberate influence by the state; and socio-economic influences, all of which influence social or economic behaviour. The authors further argue that although regulation mainly elicits the perception of restricting behaviour and preventive of certain activities, it can also be viewed as facilitative/enabling. For instance, regulation permits and controls the use of airwaves, allowing for broadcasting which would otherwise be chaotic. Borras properly captures the relationship between regulation and ICT through a discussion on standards and innovation. Standards determine the interchangeability and interconnectivity of products and thus the overall technological evolution of the industry. However, the ICT environment is heavily revolutionary in terms of technology and regulator standards find it difficult to always keep up. The regulation of ICT presents with a number of challenges arising several different perspectives and contested issues about how the regulators should go about it. Whereas issues of IPR dominate the cyberspace, other areas in the ICT industry provide an opportunity to limit regulation and promote competition. For instance, elements in network industry value chains involve retailing to end-users where competition is feasible and thus limit the need for regulation. However, the limits to competition among the players in the telecommunications industry are uncertain due the impact of technology. (Baldwin, Cave and Lodge 2010, p. 501). Here, innovation and convergence play an important role in complicating regulation of the ICT sector, calling for equally inventive and capable strategies to ensure proper and healthy regulation. Role of Innovation in Complicating ICT Regulation Innovation in the ICT industry occurs at a much faster pace and from many different angles than in most other sectors. As the Regulation Reform Unit (2010, p. 5-6) argues, regulatory activities and agencies have the challenge of reflecting technological changes and market developments in the ICT environment. Regulation of the ICT sector impinges on many different aspects including competition, interconnection, management of spectrum, authorisation and price controls among other aspects (ICT Regulation Toolkit 2012). Innovation impacts all of these aspects of ICT regulation in different ways but all centering on the rate at which innovation occurs. In terms of competition and price controls, the horizontal and vertical innovations witnessed everyday in the ICT sector challenge the traditional paradigm of regulation which embeds in the economic sense. Technological developments have implications on existing market structures at the overall economic level. A stable format of regulation seeking to stabilise the ICT sector would not hold in some sections as innovations render what is today valuable absolutely unimportant tomorrow. To keep up, the regulatory mechanisms have to evolve and develop new ways of regulating the newly formed ICT market structure. This may

Pollution in Lake Michigan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pollution in Lake Michigan - Research Paper Example The researcher states that Wetlands present one of the greatest opportunities for conservation exercises, in a modern world faced by myriad environmental scares. Inland lakes everywhere in the world are perhaps among the only environmental treasures that the world has to protect due to their diversity and environmental importance. In the United States, pollution continues to be the major threat to the integrity of such treasures, which have a chance to be protected with the right approaches. The importance of the Great lakes that hold about a fifth of the entire earth’s fresh water cannot be ignored. Pollution concerns of the Great Lakes have been raised by conservationists, inspiring conservation interventions to be designed and carried out. A highlight of the state of pollution, pollutants and conservation interventions at Lake Michigan is made in this discourse. Specific projects already on the ground by various interagency cooperation plans include the elimination of basic pollution regulations implementation plans around the Lake with follow-ups by state and federal authorities being placed under strict watch. Some of the individual conservation projects carried out by various agencies on the Lake include those by; Michigan Dune Alliance and Michigan Farmland Protection among others. It is then concluded that the Lake Michigan Shorelands Alliance is powerful agency that facilitates the conservation input at the Lake, alongside other government and non-governmental agencies at the site.

Public School Choice Essay -- Research Education Educational Essays

Public School Choice Public School Choice is an easy program to understand and it contains many advantages but also many disadvantages. Public School Choice is when parents can elect to send their children out of a school that has not made adequate yearly progress for two consecutive years into a school that has made progress. (McClure, 2002) If there are no available schools within the original school district, then a family can choose to send their children to another district. This only happens when the other schools in the original district are all labeled as ‘underachieving schools’ and have not made the adequate yearly progress. (McClure, 2002) Some of the advantages to this new public school choice option include: offers a way out of a low performing school, supports educational innovation because it supports alternatives to the traditional school day, school choice can match child and parents needs thus parents will be involved and more committed to the school and their child’s learning experience. (O’Neil, 1996) There are some restrictions when one thinks about the public school choice option. Restrictions include claims that all schools are too crowded, short windows of opportunity for parents to exercise choice, when parent can choose if they want to use school choice or not, and outright restrictions on which schools can participate in public school choice program. (Snell, 2002) Other disadvantages include: create inequalities by taking the more desirable students, fewer opportunities to learn from students of different backgrounds, and changes the focus from education for the public good to education for the private good. Education is no longer being seen as providing ‘some common experience in common se... ...nts Choose Choice. Academic Search/EBSCO databases, pp.63. Retrieved March 6, 2003. Ellig, J. (1999). Issue Analysis 96-School Choice:Issues and Answers. [55 paragrphs]. Retrieved April 3, 2003 from the World Wide Web: www.cse.org/informed/issues_template.php?issue_id=669 Snell, L. (2002). Meaningful Public School Choice. [15 paragraphs]. Retrieved April 3, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://www.rppi.org/publicschoolchoice.html United States Department of Education (1997). Overview of Charter Schools. Retrieved April 3, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://uscharterschools.org/pub/uscs_docs/gi/overview.htm Van Dunk, E. (2003). Pros and Cons of School Choice. Retrieved April 3, 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://www.joycefdn.org/articles/eduarticles/0301prosandcons.html O’Neil, J. (1996) New Options, Old Concerns. Educational Leadership, 54, 6-8.

Child Observation Study Essay

1.) Describe the child’s physical appearance. Short and chunky, about 2 feet tall, around 25 pounds, stubby arms and legs, and soft, short curly hair and a small beautiful smile 2.) Give examples of gross motor skills that you observe. Are they age-typical? She walks, runs, and crawls fine. She doesn’t grasp objects very well and she likes shaking them. She needs help climbing and she likes hanging on things. 3.) Give example of fine motor that you observe. Are they age-typical? She plays and grasps almost anything she can get her hands on. The mother then feeds her bread and the child attempts to feed herself but the bread had crumbled in her hand. Then the mother gives her a twist top bottle of Gatorade and the child was able to twist it open and drink from it without spilling. 4.) How does the child move? Does he/she appear comfortable with his/her physical abilities? Give examples. She tugs on her clothes a lot and the pigtails on her head. She seems to pick at her sandals as if their a bit too rough to walk in. the sandals are so uncomfortable that she runs like a robot. 5.) Does the child demonstrate preference of â€Å"handedness†? (left/right) She scribbles and reaches best with her right hand 6.) Would you evaluate the child to be with in average range for physical/motor development in his age group? Why or why not? According to â€Å"The gross and fine motor development in the first 2 years† she is accurately in average range of her motor skills. She is capable of performing all actions on the chart. Her abilities show that she is a good visualizer. Social/ Emotional Development 1.) How does the child relate to other people? Give example if interactions with family, friends, teacher, ect. The child reacts to the grandmothers call more responsive then the mothers call. With other people the child id indifferent. She smiles and approaches other children with curiosity. 2.) How does the child express his/her emotions? Give examples. The child expresses an alerted face when she knows something is wrong, for example, her mother spilled juice on her pants and the child stared at the mess with concern. When she is not allowed to explore she become sad and cries but does not fuss. 3.) How did the child communicate his/her wants/or needs? She stretches out her hands or points towards the object she wants or she will touch her bottom indicating her needs a diaper change. 4.) In what stage is the child according to Erikson? How do you know? Quote your text. According to Erikson’s chart the child is in the Autonomy vs Shame and doubt. From my observation the child is accurately developing within that stage. Cognitive Development 1.) In what stage is the child according to Piaget? How do you know? Give examples of the behaviors that reflect the child’s cognitive growth. According to Piagets chart the child is developing within the sensorimotor stage. Accurately enough the child shows the curiosity of feeling and tasting things 2.) How does the child use language? Give examples of the language used. Indicate such characteristics such as vocabulary, sentence structure, body language, and Pronunciations. Etc. The child words are not yet clear but she estimately knows about 6 words correctly. She can say mama and aba (grandmother). She says â€Å" tata â€Å" when she wants the sippy cup. She also says â€Å"amm† for when she wants food. 3.) How did those around the child respond to the child’s use of language? Was the child understood? Other children don’t understand her but go along by smiling and giggling. They will fight with her if she is taking away something that they had first. 4.) Describe in a short sentence of the child’s play, describing what you observed. In what way is he/she getting information about the world? When something comes up she looks at the mother or grandmother for a response. If one of them isn’t present the child will respond her own way or just leave and find her mother or grandmother. Resources: Eisner Pediatric and family medical center

Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized - 1361 Words

Same sex marriage has been the topic of an ongoing controversial debate in many countries for a long time now. This is an important issue because it concerns the basic principle of human rights and basic morality. Same sex marriage should be legalized; it is a violation of human rights, there are many misconceptions of same sex individuals, and allowing same sex marriage to be legalized would provide a boost to the economy. There are many misconceptions of homosexual people. A common myth is that being gay/lesbian is a choice. There have been plenty of studies regarding this issue but all have mostly turned out to be inconclusive results. Scientists have been able to narrow down to the fact that it is partly genetic and biologically based. Personally, I don’t believe that it is a choice to be a homosexual, as much as it is to be born with colored eyes or to be born right or left handed. I just cannot fathom the idea that anyone would ever wake up and choose to be discrimina ted against and ridiculed by choice. (Moskowitz, 2011) It is a tough, long up-hill battle that they face against society just for falling in love or being attracted to someone of the same sex. Dating back to the early 1900’s, there has been historical figures rumored to have been homosexuals. According to the Huffington Post, â€Å"Abraham Lincoln, James Dean, Marlon Brando, Eleanor Roosevelt, Joan of Arc, Amelia Earhart, Alexander the Great, to name a few.† (Wong, 2012) These are all great and talentedShow MoreRelatedShould Same-Sex Marriages Be Legalized?. Same-Sex Marriages2063 Words   |  9 PagesShould Same-Sex Marriages Be Legalized? Same-sex marriages should be illegal because the increase of marriages with the same sex has aroused conflicts in society, affects on children, and religiously. Therefore one must halt the proposal. The history of homosexuality has a lot of stories to tell, however, the beginning of it all would begin shortly and oddly. On the Western contemporary concept of homosexuality would relatively currently be considered new during the day of time. Ideas of homosexualityRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized . The Same Sex Marriage1723 Words   |  7 Pages Same sex marriage should be legalized The same sex marriage has been widely debated in many countries for a long time. It is an important issue because it concerns basic moral and human rights. People all over the world come to the United States in search of freedom and equality. Being able to marry anyone, no matter the gender, is a freedom of right, but if that freedom of right is taken away from people than there is no equality. Homosexual peopleRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized926 Words   |  4 Pageshave misunderstood the meaning of marriage. 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This form of marriage became popular in the U.S. during the 1960’s and 1970’s due to the urge of legalizationRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized898 Words   |  4 Pages2015 same sex marriage was legalized in all fifty states. Many arguments have come around about if homosexuality is genetic or if its chosen. Many people think either way and there aren’t many people who are in between thinking that homosexuality is chosen or not. The song â€Å"Same Love† by Macklemore was released in 2015 when all of the media slowed down about homosexuality and after same sex marriage was legalize d. So when Macklemore released this song more attention came to same sex marriage. ThisRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized?1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"date which will live in infamy† just had a child! As of June 26, 2015, same-sex marriage was legalized in all 50 states of America by the Supreme Court from a ruling that barely passed by a 5-4 vote. Wait a minute. Back up. Do you mean to tell me that boys can marry boys now? That girls can marry girls? That it’s legal?! Wake up America! Do you even realize what you have done? You have given gay people the right to marry. To marry! Who in their right mind would give gay people that cherishedRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized?945 Words   |  4 PagesShould Same-Sex Marriage Be Legalized? Regardless of color, ethnicity, culture or religion, marriage has been and always have considered to be a man and a woman. This concern has been a debating and a hot topic currently in the United States p olitics, it is prohibited in a majority of the nation till the President have pass the law for same-sex marriage. With this question, I feel that same sex marriage should not be legalized, but it cannot be banned. I sense that a marriage is intensely betweenRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized972 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex couples have been waiting for same sex marriage to be legalized for many decades. According to Ken LaMance, â€Å"One of the first documented challenges to same-sex marriages occurred on May 18th, 1970, where two men applied for a marriage license in Heppenin County, Minnesota† (LaMance). Their request was denied because they felt marriage should be between a man and a woman. Civil Unions were the first step in legalizing same sex marriage. Civil Unions were introduced in 2000 in Vermont. CivilRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized910 Words   |  4 PagesSame-sex marriages also know, as gay/ Lesbian marriage is marriage between peop le of the same sex either as a secular civil ceremony or in a religious setting. In the late 20th century. Religious rites of marriage without legal recognition became increasingly common. 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